In my two decades of gardening, I've seen many trends come and go, but none have captivated me quite like the hydroponics greenhouse. I remember the first time I stepped into one; the lush greenery, the absence of soil, and the futuristic feel of it all. It was a revelation. The hydroponics greenhouse isn't just a trend; it's the future of gardening. Imagine cultivating vibrant plants year-round, without the constraints of traditional soil. For those who've shared my fascination or are just beginning their journey, this guide will illuminate the wonders and intricacies of this modern gardening marvel.
Basics of Hydroponics
Hydroponics, at its core, is a method of soilless cultivation, a revolutionary approach to gardening that has been gaining traction over the years. Instead of relying on traditional soil, hydroponic gardening utilizes a nutrient-rich water solution to provide plants with the essential elements they need to thrive. But how do plants grow without the earthy medium we're so accustomed to?
The science behind hydroponics is both fascinating and straightforward. Plants primarily need soil for two reasons: as a support system and as a source of nutrients. In hydroponics, the former is achieved using alternative mediums like coconut coir, perlite, or hydroponic growth medium. The latter, and arguably the more crucial aspect, is where the magic of nutrient solutions comes into play.
The Magic Behind Nutrient Solutions
Nutrient solutions are the lifeblood of hydroponic systems. These specially formulated mixtures are designed to provide plants with every vital mineral and element they would typically derive from soil. From nitrogen to potassium, from phosphorus to essential trace elements, everything a plant needs is dissolved in the water they're bathed in.
But it's not just about dunking plants in a nutrient bath. The pH balance in hydroponics is crucial. Too acidic or too alkaline, and plants can't absorb the nutrients they need. Regular monitoring and adjustments ensure the solution remains optimal for plant uptake. Additionally, oxygenation in hydroponics is vital. Roots need oxygen, and in hydroponics, this is often achieved through air stones or hydroponic pumps, ensuring roots don't drown but thrive.
In essence, while soil has been the traditional medium for eons, nutrient solutions in hydroponics offer a precise, efficient, and often more productive alternative, ushering in a new era of sustainable gardening.
Types of Hydroponic Systems
The world of hydroponics is vast and varied, offering multiple systems tailored to the needs of different plants and the preferences of gardeners. While the core principle remains the same—growing plants without soil—each system has its unique methodology and advantages.
Whether you're a novice just dipping your toes into hydroponic gardening or a seasoned expert looking to expand your knowledge, understanding the various hydroponic systems is crucial. From the ever-popular Deep Water Culture to the efficient Nutrient Film Technique and the beginner-friendly Wick System, there's a hydroponic method for every greenhouse enthusiast.
Deep Water Culture (DWC)
Deep Water Culture, often abbreviated as DWC, is a hydroponic system where plants are suspended in a nutrient solution, with their roots submerged directly in the water. The key to DWC's success is oxygenation. Using air stones or hydroponic pumps, the nutrient solution is infused with oxygen, ensuring the roots receive ample air despite being submerged.
This constant access to both nutrients and oxygen allows plants to grow at an accelerated rate. The system's components typically include a reservoir to hold the nutrient solution, net pots for plant support, and an air pump to keep the water oxygenated. DWC is particularly favored for its simplicity and the rapid growth it promotes.
Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)
The Nutrient Film Technique, or NFT, is a dynamic hydroponic system that involves a continuous flow of nutrient solution over the roots of plants, which are supported by sloping troughs or channels. The magic of NFT lies in the thin film of nutrients that constantly bathes the roots, providing them with everything they need while also ensuring they get adequate oxygen.
One of the primary advantages of NFT is its efficient use of water and nutrients. Since there's no static pool of water, there's less evaporation and waste. Additionally, because the system doesn't rely on a growth medium, there's a reduced risk of diseases that can thrive in such mediums.
Wick System
For those just beginning their journey into hydroponics, the Wick System serves as an excellent starting point. This passive hydroponic system is as simple as it sounds. Plants are placed in a container filled with a growth medium, and wicks connect this medium to a nutrient solution reservoir below. Through capillary action, the wicks draw up the nutrient solution, providing the plants with the sustenance they need.
While it might not offer the rapid growth of other systems, its simplicity and low maintenance make it a favorite among beginners and those looking for a hands-off approach to hydroponic gardening.
Advantages of a Hydroponics Greenhouse
The fusion of hydroponics with greenhouse technology has revolutionized the way we approach gardening. This union has brought forth a myriad of benefits that traditional soil-based greenhouses can't match. Let's delve into the compelling advantages of a hydroponics greenhouse:
Increased Yield
One of the most significant benefits of hydroponics is the potential for increased yield. With precise control over nutrient solutions and the environment, plants often grow faster and produce more.
Year-Round Cultivation
A hydroponics greenhouse isn't bound by seasons. Whether it's the peak of summer or the depths of winter, you can cultivate vibrant plants year-round, ensuring a consistent harvest.
Efficient Use of Water
Hydroponic systems, especially when combined with greenhouse technology, use water more efficiently than traditional gardening. With systems like the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), water is recycled, leading to less waste and reduced consumption.
Space Optimization
Vertical hydroponics is a game-changer. By growing plants vertically, you can maximize the use of space in your greenhouse, allowing for more plants in the same footprint.
Fewer Pests and Diseases
Soil is often a breeding ground for many pests and diseases. By eliminating soil from the equation, you reduce the risk of soil-borne diseases. Moreover, a controlled greenhouse environment can further mitigate pest issues.
No Soil Erosion
Sustainable gardening is the need of the hour. With hydroponics, there's no tilling or turning of the soil, which means no soil erosion, preserving the earth for future generations.
Flexibility and Scalability
Whether you're a hobbyist with a small setup or looking to scale up to a commercial operation, hydroponics offers flexibility. Systems can be easily expanded or modified to suit growing needs.
Controlled Nutrition
The magic of nutrient solutions means you have complete control over what your plants receive. This precision ensures plants get the exact nutrients they need, when they need them.
Disadvantages of a Hydroponics Greenhouse
While hydroponics greenhouses offer a plethora of benefits, it's essential to approach the topic with a balanced perspective. Like any system, hydroponics isn't without its challenges. Here are some common concerns and disadvantages associated with hydroponic greenhouses:
Initial Cost
Setting up a hydroponics greenhouse can be more expensive than traditional gardening. From purchasing the necessary equipment like hydroponic pumps to the specialized nutrient solutions, the initial investment can be substantial.
Technical Know-how
Hydroponic gardening requires a certain level of expertise. Understanding the pH balance in hydroponics, ensuring proper oxygenation, and managing the nutrient film technique or other systems can be daunting for beginners.
System Failures
Hydroponics relies heavily on technology. A power outage or pump failure can disrupt the nutrient flow, potentially harming or even killing the plants in a short period.
Water Quality Concerns
While hydroponics is efficient in water usage, the quality of water is paramount. Hard water or water with impurities can affect plant growth and the efficacy of nutrient solutions.
Disease Spread
While soil-borne diseases are less of a concern, if a disease does infiltrate a hydroponic system, it can spread rapidly. Since plants share the same nutrient solution, pathogens can quickly move from one plant to another.
Less Room for Error
The precision that hydroponics demands means there's less room for error. Incorrect nutrient concentrations or imbalanced pH levels can have immediate adverse effects.
Considerations for Hydroponics Greenhouses
Embarking on the journey of setting up a hydroponics greenhouse is an exciting venture. However, to ensure success, several key considerations must be addressed. From the location of your greenhouse to the intricacies of climate control, every detail plays a pivotal role in the health and productivity of your plants.
Location
The location of your hydroponics greenhouse is paramount. While hydroponics allows for greater control over the environment, natural sunlight remains a vital component for plant growth. Ensure your greenhouse is positioned to receive ample sunlight, preferably in a location that gets at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Size and Space Optimization
Depending on your goals—whether it's a hobby or a commercial venture—the size of your greenhouse will vary. However, with techniques like vertical hydroponics, even smaller spaces can yield impressive results. Always plan for future expansion, ensuring there's room to grow.
Climate Control
A hydroponics greenhouse offers the advantage of year-round cultivation. To achieve this, climate control is essential. From temperature to humidity, maintaining a consistent environment is crucial. Investing in quality greenhouse technology, like automated ventilation systems and heaters, can make this task more manageable.
Pest Management
While hydroponics reduces the risk of soil-borne pests, it's not immune to all threats. Regular monitoring for pests and implementing organic hydroponics-friendly pest control measures can help keep your plants healthy. Remember, prevention is always better than cure.
Water Quality
As discussed earlier, the quality of water in hydroponic systems is vital. Regularly test your water for impurities and ensure it's at the right pH level for optimal nutrient absorption.
Backup Systems
Given the reliance on technology, having backup systems in place—like generators for power outages or backup hydroponic pumps—can be a lifesaver, ensuring your plants remain unaffected during unforeseen disruptions.
Continuous Learning
The world of hydroponics is ever-evolving. Stay updated with the latest advancements, be it in nutrient solutions, growth mediums, or new hydroponic systems. Continuous learning will ensure you're always at the forefront of sustainable gardening.
How to Set Up Hydroponics in a Greenhouse
Setting up a hydroponics system in a greenhouse might seem like a complex task, but with the right guidance and a systematic approach, it becomes a rewarding endeavor. Here's a comprehensive guide to help you establish your very own hydroponic greenhouse.
Materials You'll Need
Before diving into the installation process, it's essential to gather all the necessary materials. Here's a checklist to ensure you have everything at hand:
- Greenhouse Structure: Whether you're building from scratch or purchasing a kit, ensure it's sturdy and offers ample space for your hydroponic setup.
- Hydroponic System of Choice: Depending on your preference, this could be Deep Water Culture (DWC), Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), Wick System, or any other method.
- Reservoir: A container to hold the nutrient solution.
- Hydroponic Growth Medium: Options include coconut coir, perlite, or vermiculite.
- Nutrient Solution: A balanced mix of essential minerals and elements for plant growth.
- pH Testing Kit: To regularly check and adjust the pH balance in hydroponics.
- Air Stones and Hydroponic Pumps: For oxygenation of the nutrient solution.
- Grow Lights: Essential if natural sunlight isn't sufficient.
- Climate Control Equipment: Including heaters, fans, and humidity controllers.
- Net Pots: To hold plants in place within the hydroponic system.
- Backup Power Source: A generator or backup battery system.
- Pest Management Supplies: Organic sprays or beneficial insects for pest control.
- Monitoring Tools: Thermometers, humidity meters, and other tools to keep track of the greenhouse environment.
Step-by-Step Installation
1. Choose the Right Spot
Position your greenhouse in a location that receives 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Ensure it's also protected from strong winds or potential flooding.
2. Set Up the Greenhouse Structure
If you're using a kit, follow the manufacturer's instructions. Ensure there's adequate ventilation and provisions for installing grow lights if needed.
3. Install the Hydroponic System
Depending on the system you've chosen, the installation process will vary. For instance, for DWC, you'd set up the reservoir, place air stones inside, and connect them to the hydroponic pumps.
4. Prepare the Growth Medium
Rinse the chosen medium (like coconut coir or perlite) to remove any dust or impurities. Fill the net pots with this medium.
5. Mix the Nutrient Solution
Following the manufacturer's guidelines, prepare the nutrient solution and fill the reservoir. Ensure the pH level is optimal for your plants, typically between 5.5 and 6.5.
6. Planting
Place your plants or seedlings into the net pots, ensuring their roots have access to the nutrient solution.
7. Set Up Climate Control
Install heaters, fans, and humidity controllers. Regularly monitor the environment to ensure it remains consistent.
8. Install Grow Lights
If your greenhouse doesn't receive adequate sunlight, set up grow lights above the plants, ensuring they're at the right distance to prevent burning.
9. Regular Monitoring
Check the nutrient solution's pH and nutrient levels regularly. Refill the reservoir as needed and ensure the hydroponic pumps and air stones are functioning correctly.
10. Pest Management
Regularly inspect plants for signs of pests or diseases. Implement organic pest control measures as needed.
Conclusion
In our exploration of the hydroponics greenhouse world, we've journeyed through its foundational principles, delved into various systems, and weighed its pros and cons. The marriage of hydroponics and greenhouse technology offers a promising future for sustainable gardening, maximizing yields while minimizing environmental impact. As we stand at the cusp of this gardening revolution, the potential for growth and innovation is boundless. If you've ever felt the allure of harmonizing with nature while embracing modern techniques, now is the time. Embark on your hydroponics greenhouse journey today and witness the future of gardening unfold before your eyes. Dive in and grow!
Gardening
What You Need to Know About A Hydroponics Greenhouse
Written by : Eunice Rodriguez | Last Updated: October 31, 2023
Contents
Dive into the future of gardening where soil takes a backseat, and innovation leads the way. Discover the magic of hydroponics greenhouses, where nature and technology harmoniously intertwine, promising bountiful harvests and sustainable practices.
In my two decades of gardening, I've seen many trends come and go, but none have captivated me quite like the hydroponics greenhouse. I remember the first time I stepped into one; the lush greenery, the absence of soil, and the futuristic feel of it all. It was a revelation. The hydroponics greenhouse isn't just a trend; it's the future of gardening. Imagine cultivating vibrant plants year-round, without the constraints of traditional soil. For those who've shared my fascination or are just beginning their journey, this guide will illuminate the wonders and intricacies of this modern gardening marvel.
Basics of Hydroponics
Hydroponics, at its core, is a method of soilless cultivation, a revolutionary approach to gardening that has been gaining traction over the years. Instead of relying on traditional soil, hydroponic gardening utilizes a nutrient-rich water solution to provide plants with the essential elements they need to thrive. But how do plants grow without the earthy medium we're so accustomed to?
The science behind hydroponics is both fascinating and straightforward. Plants primarily need soil for two reasons: as a support system and as a source of nutrients. In hydroponics, the former is achieved using alternative mediums like coconut coir, perlite, or hydroponic growth medium. The latter, and arguably the more crucial aspect, is where the magic of nutrient solutions comes into play.
The Magic Behind Nutrient Solutions
Nutrient solutions are the lifeblood of hydroponic systems. These specially formulated mixtures are designed to provide plants with every vital mineral and element they would typically derive from soil. From nitrogen to potassium, from phosphorus to essential trace elements, everything a plant needs is dissolved in the water they're bathed in.
But it's not just about dunking plants in a nutrient bath. The pH balance in hydroponics is crucial. Too acidic or too alkaline, and plants can't absorb the nutrients they need. Regular monitoring and adjustments ensure the solution remains optimal for plant uptake. Additionally, oxygenation in hydroponics is vital. Roots need oxygen, and in hydroponics, this is often achieved through air stones or hydroponic pumps, ensuring roots don't drown but thrive.
In essence, while soil has been the traditional medium for eons, nutrient solutions in hydroponics offer a precise, efficient, and often more productive alternative, ushering in a new era of sustainable gardening.
Read More:
A Complete Guide to Aquaponics Greenhouse Gardening
Types of Hydroponic Systems
The world of hydroponics is vast and varied, offering multiple systems tailored to the needs of different plants and the preferences of gardeners. While the core principle remains the same—growing plants without soil—each system has its unique methodology and advantages.
Whether you're a novice just dipping your toes into hydroponic gardening or a seasoned expert looking to expand your knowledge, understanding the various hydroponic systems is crucial. From the ever-popular Deep Water Culture to the efficient Nutrient Film Technique and the beginner-friendly Wick System, there's a hydroponic method for every greenhouse enthusiast.
Deep Water Culture (DWC)
Deep Water Culture, often abbreviated as DWC, is a hydroponic system where plants are suspended in a nutrient solution, with their roots submerged directly in the water. The key to DWC's success is oxygenation. Using air stones or hydroponic pumps, the nutrient solution is infused with oxygen, ensuring the roots receive ample air despite being submerged.
This constant access to both nutrients and oxygen allows plants to grow at an accelerated rate. The system's components typically include a reservoir to hold the nutrient solution, net pots for plant support, and an air pump to keep the water oxygenated. DWC is particularly favored for its simplicity and the rapid growth it promotes.
Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)
The Nutrient Film Technique, or NFT, is a dynamic hydroponic system that involves a continuous flow of nutrient solution over the roots of plants, which are supported by sloping troughs or channels. The magic of NFT lies in the thin film of nutrients that constantly bathes the roots, providing them with everything they need while also ensuring they get adequate oxygen.
One of the primary advantages of NFT is its efficient use of water and nutrients. Since there's no static pool of water, there's less evaporation and waste. Additionally, because the system doesn't rely on a growth medium, there's a reduced risk of diseases that can thrive in such mediums.
Wick System
For those just beginning their journey into hydroponics, the Wick System serves as an excellent starting point. This passive hydroponic system is as simple as it sounds. Plants are placed in a container filled with a growth medium, and wicks connect this medium to a nutrient solution reservoir below. Through capillary action, the wicks draw up the nutrient solution, providing the plants with the sustenance they need.
While it might not offer the rapid growth of other systems, its simplicity and low maintenance make it a favorite among beginners and those looking for a hands-off approach to hydroponic gardening.
Advantages of a Hydroponics Greenhouse
The fusion of hydroponics with greenhouse technology has revolutionized the way we approach gardening. This union has brought forth a myriad of benefits that traditional soil-based greenhouses can't match. Let's delve into the compelling advantages of a hydroponics greenhouse:
Increased Yield
One of the most significant benefits of hydroponics is the potential for increased yield. With precise control over nutrient solutions and the environment, plants often grow faster and produce more.
Year-Round Cultivation
A hydroponics greenhouse isn't bound by seasons. Whether it's the peak of summer or the depths of winter, you can cultivate vibrant plants year-round, ensuring a consistent harvest.
Efficient Use of Water
Hydroponic systems, especially when combined with greenhouse technology, use water more efficiently than traditional gardening. With systems like the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), water is recycled, leading to less waste and reduced consumption.
Space Optimization
Vertical hydroponics is a game-changer. By growing plants vertically, you can maximize the use of space in your greenhouse, allowing for more plants in the same footprint.
Fewer Pests and Diseases
Soil is often a breeding ground for many pests and diseases. By eliminating soil from the equation, you reduce the risk of soil-borne diseases. Moreover, a controlled greenhouse environment can further mitigate pest issues.
No Soil Erosion
Sustainable gardening is the need of the hour. With hydroponics, there's no tilling or turning of the soil, which means no soil erosion, preserving the earth for future generations.
Flexibility and Scalability
Whether you're a hobbyist with a small setup or looking to scale up to a commercial operation, hydroponics offers flexibility. Systems can be easily expanded or modified to suit growing needs.
Controlled Nutrition
The magic of nutrient solutions means you have complete control over what your plants receive. This precision ensures plants get the exact nutrients they need, when they need them.
Disadvantages of a Hydroponics Greenhouse
While hydroponics greenhouses offer a plethora of benefits, it's essential to approach the topic with a balanced perspective. Like any system, hydroponics isn't without its challenges. Here are some common concerns and disadvantages associated with hydroponic greenhouses:
Initial Cost
Setting up a hydroponics greenhouse can be more expensive than traditional gardening. From purchasing the necessary equipment like hydroponic pumps to the specialized nutrient solutions, the initial investment can be substantial.
Read More:
How Much Does a Greenhouse Cost?
Technical Know-how
Hydroponic gardening requires a certain level of expertise. Understanding the pH balance in hydroponics, ensuring proper oxygenation, and managing the nutrient film technique or other systems can be daunting for beginners.
System Failures
Hydroponics relies heavily on technology. A power outage or pump failure can disrupt the nutrient flow, potentially harming or even killing the plants in a short period.
Water Quality Concerns
While hydroponics is efficient in water usage, the quality of water is paramount. Hard water or water with impurities can affect plant growth and the efficacy of nutrient solutions.
Disease Spread
While soil-borne diseases are less of a concern, if a disease does infiltrate a hydroponic system, it can spread rapidly. Since plants share the same nutrient solution, pathogens can quickly move from one plant to another.
Less Room for Error
The precision that hydroponics demands means there's less room for error. Incorrect nutrient concentrations or imbalanced pH levels can have immediate adverse effects.
Considerations for Hydroponics Greenhouses
Embarking on the journey of setting up a hydroponics greenhouse is an exciting venture. However, to ensure success, several key considerations must be addressed. From the location of your greenhouse to the intricacies of climate control, every detail plays a pivotal role in the health and productivity of your plants.
Location
The location of your hydroponics greenhouse is paramount. While hydroponics allows for greater control over the environment, natural sunlight remains a vital component for plant growth. Ensure your greenhouse is positioned to receive ample sunlight, preferably in a location that gets at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Size and Space Optimization
Depending on your goals—whether it's a hobby or a commercial venture—the size of your greenhouse will vary. However, with techniques like vertical hydroponics, even smaller spaces can yield impressive results. Always plan for future expansion, ensuring there's room to grow.
Climate Control
A hydroponics greenhouse offers the advantage of year-round cultivation. To achieve this, climate control is essential. From temperature to humidity, maintaining a consistent environment is crucial. Investing in quality greenhouse technology, like automated ventilation systems and heaters, can make this task more manageable.
Read More:
The Essential Guide On How To Cool A Greenhouse
Pest Management
While hydroponics reduces the risk of soil-borne pests, it's not immune to all threats. Regular monitoring for pests and implementing organic hydroponics-friendly pest control measures can help keep your plants healthy. Remember, prevention is always better than cure.
Water Quality
As discussed earlier, the quality of water in hydroponic systems is vital. Regularly test your water for impurities and ensure it's at the right pH level for optimal nutrient absorption.
Backup Systems
Given the reliance on technology, having backup systems in place—like generators for power outages or backup hydroponic pumps—can be a lifesaver, ensuring your plants remain unaffected during unforeseen disruptions.
Continuous Learning
The world of hydroponics is ever-evolving. Stay updated with the latest advancements, be it in nutrient solutions, growth mediums, or new hydroponic systems. Continuous learning will ensure you're always at the forefront of sustainable gardening.
How to Set Up Hydroponics in a Greenhouse
Setting up a hydroponics system in a greenhouse might seem like a complex task, but with the right guidance and a systematic approach, it becomes a rewarding endeavor. Here's a comprehensive guide to help you establish your very own hydroponic greenhouse.
Materials You'll Need
Before diving into the installation process, it's essential to gather all the necessary materials. Here's a checklist to ensure you have everything at hand:
Step-by-Step Installation
1. Choose the Right Spot
Position your greenhouse in a location that receives 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Ensure it's also protected from strong winds or potential flooding.
2. Set Up the Greenhouse Structure
If you're using a kit, follow the manufacturer's instructions. Ensure there's adequate ventilation and provisions for installing grow lights if needed.
3. Install the Hydroponic System
Depending on the system you've chosen, the installation process will vary. For instance, for DWC, you'd set up the reservoir, place air stones inside, and connect them to the hydroponic pumps.
4. Prepare the Growth Medium
Rinse the chosen medium (like coconut coir or perlite) to remove any dust or impurities. Fill the net pots with this medium.
5. Mix the Nutrient Solution
Following the manufacturer's guidelines, prepare the nutrient solution and fill the reservoir. Ensure the pH level is optimal for your plants, typically between 5.5 and 6.5.
6. Planting
Place your plants or seedlings into the net pots, ensuring their roots have access to the nutrient solution.
7. Set Up Climate Control
Install heaters, fans, and humidity controllers. Regularly monitor the environment to ensure it remains consistent.
8. Install Grow Lights
If your greenhouse doesn't receive adequate sunlight, set up grow lights above the plants, ensuring they're at the right distance to prevent burning.
9. Regular Monitoring
Check the nutrient solution's pH and nutrient levels regularly. Refill the reservoir as needed and ensure the hydroponic pumps and air stones are functioning correctly.
10. Pest Management
Regularly inspect plants for signs of pests or diseases. Implement organic pest control measures as needed.
Read More:
DIY Greenhouse: Step-by-Step Guide to Build a Greenhouse
Conclusion
In our exploration of the hydroponics greenhouse world, we've journeyed through its foundational principles, delved into various systems, and weighed its pros and cons. The marriage of hydroponics and greenhouse technology offers a promising future for sustainable gardening, maximizing yields while minimizing environmental impact. As we stand at the cusp of this gardening revolution, the potential for growth and innovation is boundless. If you've ever felt the allure of harmonizing with nature while embracing modern techniques, now is the time. Embark on your hydroponics greenhouse journey today and witness the future of gardening unfold before your eyes. Dive in and grow!
Eunice Rodriguez
Eunice is a sustainability writer whose passion is sharing accessible eco-friendly practices with GreenCitizen's global readership. She enjoys birdwatching during her downtime, often deriving inspiration from nature's resilience. An enthusiastic cyclist, she is also an ardent advocate of eco-friendly transport.
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